Struggling with Memory

by Kris_Tuttle on November 27, 2007

It’s no secret that mem­ory supply/demand fore­casts are not pos­i­tive for the DRAM and NAND play­ers like Micron (MU) and San­Disk (SNDK.)  At these lev­els most ana­lysts are point­ing to a bot­tom in these names and a chance to buy them into an improv­ing supply/demand bal­ance which brings bet­ter pric­ing and improved earn­ings for these companies.

The prob­lem that I have with this line of rea­son­ing is that every­one knows that the indus­try bal­ance is frag­ile and very cycli­cal.  There was a time from 1992 to 1995 where mem­ory (and semi­con­duc­tors in gen­eral) were said to be grow­ing based on sec­u­lar demand trends.  This pro­pelled earn­ings and the stocks to huge and sus­tained gains.  There may have been a lit­tle price fix­ing around this period but we’ll let that one go.

Since then it just seems to be very easy for com­pa­nies in increase sup­ply when prices look like they will be slightly attrac­tive.  A holder in Micron stock would actu­ally be down today ver­sus the price paid any­time in the last 10 years.  So where is the sec­u­lar growth story here?  Lots more bits are shipped every year but at an every declin­ing price per bit. 

The com­mod­ity run has investors say­ing that maybe mem­ory will work this way too since we aren’t adding to capac­ity at these prices.  This par­al­lel is prob­lem­atic in part because one has to dis­cover sources in com­modi­ties and the costs and lead times required to deal with the phys­i­cal and haz­ardous extrac­tion and pro­cess­ing are fairly high.  While a brand new fab is not cheap, there seems to be plenty of capac­ity for increases in pro­duc­tion by start­ing up or adding new lines.

San­Disk at least has evolved into a mem­ory com­pany with a con­sumer retail facet and trades at a much higher mul­ti­ple of sales than a pure com­mod­ity pro­ducer like Micron.  How­ever the same logic about bet­ter sup­ply and demand applies here.  Even if every­one is right and San­Disk has a big Decem­ber quar­ter due to higher rev­enues and slightly bet­ter mar­gins, nobody will think it can be sus­tained so the mul­ti­ple stays low and the stock appre­ci­a­tion is limited.

If the com­mod­ity pro­duc­ers don’t have strong pric­ing power then the argu­ment favors the branded device mak­ers like Apple, Research in Motion and even Dell over the com­po­nent sup­pli­ers.  If mem­ory is cheap it also helps move units and pro­vides soft­ware mak­ers like Microsoft very favor­able rev­enue and mar­gin dynam­ics that are more sustainable.

We wel­come argu­ments to the con­trary but we haven’t owned Micron since the mid-90’s and have been tempted by San­Disk but always scared off by what seems to be the same long-run truth about the mem­ory business.

– Kris Tuttle

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